Type-2 DM and Its Complication and Relationship among the Patients at Rajshahi Diabetes Association General Hospital: Socio-demographic Characteristics

INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by improper glucose, protein, and fat metabolism. Diabetes incidence among urban residents has increased markedly in the past two decades. The number of diabetics is expected to rise from 135 million in 1995 to 171 million in 2000, 300 million in 2025, and 366 million in 2030. (King et al., 1998; Wild et al., 2004). By 2025, diabetes will be the most common disease in India, China, and the US (WHO,1998). A 170 percent rise from 84 million in 1995 to 228 million in 2025 is anticipated in emerging nations (WHO, 1998). Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Mauritius have been recognized as having the highest prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes patients (Zimmet, 2000).

individuals with type-1 diabetes will always require insulin injections or an insulin pump. Exercise and nutrition are required in addition to insulin treatment to avoid blood sugar swings. (Oftalmol, AB, 2010Type-2 diabetes is often seen in elderly overweight individuals. In certain countries, such as the United States, more children and young people are being diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes due to insufficient physical exercise. Type-2 diabetes mellitus affects 90% of diabetics. Diabetes prevalence is expected to rise from 4% in 1995 to 5.4 % by 2025. The WHO predicts that poorer nations will bear the main cost.

Micro Vascular Complication
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a microvascular disorder. Diabetes retinopathy is caused by long-term hyperglycemia damaging the retina's microvascular system. An example of diabetic neuropathies is peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral, autonomic, proximal, and focal. Each affects various areas of the body. Diabetic foot ulcers occur due to improper pressure distribution. Early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy reduces foot ulcer hospitalization and amputations. (Leung GM, Lam K. HKMJ 2000)

Macro Vascular Complications
Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Depression is twice as prevalent among diabetics as in the general population, and severe depression affects 15% of diabetics. Erectile dysfunction is another diabetes consequence.

Risk Factors for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus:
Individual risk factors for type-2 diabetes mellitus include: 1. Weight (a body mass index of 25 kg/m 2 more) 2. Low physical activity 3. A family history of type-2 diabetes mellitus 4. A history of gestational diabetes.

RESEARCH METHODS
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and associated complications among patients admitted to Rajshahi Diabetes Association General Hospital. The material in this research used the research strategy, demographic, study location, sample, equipment, data collecting and analytic procedures. The type of the study is a cross sectional type of descriptive study. This research was done in Rajshahi Nursing College. All the type-2 diabetes mellitus people residing at Rajshahi Diabetes Association General Hospital, Rajshahi was be sample population. Sample Techniques is Purposive sampling technique. Technique of Data Collection used Face to face formal interview. The Instrument of the Study is Partially structure questionnaire.

Dependent Variable
Complications of type 2 diabetes. 50 patients were selected for study the age of which respondents 14% were between 31-40 years of age, about 30% between 41-50 years, about 40% between 51-64 years,16% between 65-90 years respectively.  Most of the sample from the sample which is 37 (74%) were poor.13 (26%) respondents were middle and there was no rich respondent found in my study. Result shows that 22 respondents which were 44% worked as a housewife. 5(10%) respondents were businessman.6 (12%) respondent were involving in service.3 (6%) respondent were involving in others. There was no student and jobless found in my study.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
At the end, the result on type-II Diabetes Mellitus and its Complication among the Patients indicates that maximum Patients' of Rajshahi Diabetes Association General Hospital had complication. Majority of the respondents were numbness/ tingling or loss of sensation on their feet, minority of the patients were heart problem, eye problem and kidney problem. Patients should be informed about lifestyle modifications that may help avoid diabetes and coronary artery disease, such as weight management, increased activity, and quitting smoking.