The Influence of the Arabic Language on the Dari Persian Language

Despite the fact that the Arabic and Persian languages are derived from two different origins, they have had a very close interaction throughout the historical periods due to the continuous communication between the two Iranian and Arab peoples

and were staunch supporters of civilization and the language of culture. They became Iranian.
In other ways, the influence on the language of the propaganda of the new religion and religion is accompanied by the dominance of the military, as the continuous rule of the Islamic caliphs caused the language of some nations to change, and the thousands-year-old culture and language of the people of Fars and Khorasan were also in danger of such a change. But this risk did not materialize; Like Iranians or accepting the religion of Islam and changing the script; They took many of the words and terms of the Islamic religion and in this way enriched and perfected the Persian language and created the most cherished artistic, scientific and mystical written works of Iran and Islam, in such a way that Qarsi became the second language of the Islamic world and in addition Iran brought the whole of Central and Western Asia from India and Western China and Asia Minor to the shores of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean under its Iranian-Islamic culture; To the extent that the Mughal Empire of India and the Ottoman sultans used to write their letters in Persian to Persians and Persians (Tal, 1373).
Another factor is the change in the language of trade and exchange of goods and immigration, or the translation of religious and technical terms, of course, one should not lose sight of the fact that a language may borrow words from other languages according to its needs. take And this borrowing is not only not a danger to the language by itself, but also adds to its richness; As thousands of words and idioms gradually entered the Persian language from Arabic over fourteen centuries and provided its ability to express the most delicate intellectual and spiritual details and adapt to the most complex cultural and scientific issues in the world today (Tal, 1373).
The Persian language is one of the simplest and most fluent languages in the world, which has been used for a long time, with forty centuries of historical background and literary tradition, gradually and gradually, slowly, slowly, it has various bases that every language needs to grow. It must be passed through them, it has been walked and shaved and polished and what was superfluous has been thrown away (Shouaib, M, 2022;Miftah, 1374) Persian language in the 8th and 9th AD (2nd and 3rd Hijri) in the southern and western regions of Iran, Khorasan and Trans-Nahr was a colloquial language, not a literary language; And it took a long time for its scope to pass beyond the borders of India, Turkestan and Western Asia, and it became the official administrative and government language of many Middle Eastern countries and played an important role in the historical and cultural life of the aforementioned peoples. It is obvious that the Persian language did not suddenly acquire such a status.
During the domination of the Arabs in the first centuries of Islam, Persian writing and literature declined and from the year 81 AH / 701-700 AD, Arabic was declared the official and state language, and the Caliphate gradually became stronger, and the Arabic language was used in other social and life matters. Also penetrated in countries where Islam has prevailed over other religions; the international and scientific language was Arabic and in the Middle and Near East it played the role that Latin played in medieval Europe. (Eranski, 1379 pp. 256-264).
Due to the importance of this issue, in this article I explained the influence of the Arabic language on the Persian language

Problem Statement
In influencing each other, languages sometimes become a source of corruption and erosion and sometimes a source of mutual prosperity. Persian language as one of the languages that for centuries, after Arabic, was considered the language of religion and Islamic and human

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ISSN Online: 2723-2433ISSN Print: 2723-2441 Abdul Khaliq Musaddiq -256-sciences, and many sources and works and sciences such as mysticism, speech, philosophy, medicine, astronomy and others are in Persian language. It was said and written; in this article, an attempt has been made to examine the issues raised by experts and important articles that have examined the issue of cultural exchange between nations through Persian language and literature.
Some of the effects of Arabic language on Persian are analyzed. This study shows that despite the fact that the Persian language has influenced other languages and words from this language have found their way into other languages and the works of great poets such as Hafez, Saadi, Ferdowsi, Parveen Etisami and Nima in languages such as English, French, Kazakh, Bosnian, Irish and Lebanese have been translated and have been effective in the cultural and linguistic interaction of nations. Nevertheless, in most researches and studies, the most recognition or exaggeration has been on the side of the influence of the Arabic language on Persian. Therefore, the basic problem of this research is how the Arabic language influences Persian and the real level of influence and influence between both languages. On this note, this article examines the real limits of this bilateral influence. According to the current interaction process based on the formation of a global village, a nation that does not present a definition of itself in this world with the tools of native language and culture, is doomed to abandon its identity-building elements and lose color in the dominant culture. And alien and unfamiliar civilizations.
The current article seeks to examine the requirements for the realization of this vision by considering language as a soft technology and influencing and being influenced by each other. This research tries to reorganize the results of others' research in an axiomatic manner.

Significance of the Study
It is evident that after the arrival of Islam in Iran and Khorasan, a kind of entanglement was created between Persian and Arabic languages. This issue is sometimes so complicated that some say that Persian language is the 33rd dialect of Arabic language. Or still, in most researches and studies, the most acknowledgment or exaggeration has been on the side of the influence of the Arabic language on Persian, so in this field, there was a need for a research that would analyze the real limits and gaps of the influence and effectiveness of these two languages without bias and Prejudice, facts expressed cultural and linguistic interaction.
Therefore, I started researching this matter by observing Chenban Khala, and on the other hand, another benefit of this research is the increase of information and information in this regard. Considering the gap that exists in our literary researches regarding this issue, it is necessary to conduct such researches and it adds to the richness of literature and cultural interaction in the field of relevant topics.

Research Purposes
To achieve the desired result; Decomposing the goal is more fruitful, which is why in this article it has been tried to divide the main goal into several sub-goals and they are as follows: 1. The main goal of this research is to explain the influence of Arabic language on Persian language. 2. Explaining the importance of cultural interaction between languages 3. Investigating the general history of the influence of two languages on each other 4. Investigating the influence of the Arabic language on Persian in terms of words 5. Examining verbal, orthographic and spiritual changes in both languages.

Main question
How has the influence of the Arabic language on the Persian language been?

Sub Questions
1. What is the importance of cultural and linguistic interaction? 2. What has been the history of interaction between Arabic and Persian language? 3. How has the Arabic language influenced Persian poetry?

LITERATURE REVIEW
A researcher, before conducting the research and after choosing the topic and compiling the title and before writing the research plan, needs to expand his knowledge about the topic and problem he has chosen for research by referring to documents and documents. ; In order to be able to redefine and determine the research problem and variables in the light of the obtained information and define their borders. This helps him to put his research in line with the research of the same family and harmonize it with the research achievements of others. On this note, I have used various sources of the first and second categories and numerous scientific researches in order to show that the research on the impact of the Arabic language on the Persian language has not been carried out as much as it should have been in my article. Therefore, we can say that no independent and detailed research has been done on the subject of the current research (influence of Arabic language on Persian language). However, in some books and scientific researches, it has been mentioned that the mentioned sources are listed below.
The Persian book in Arabic is the work of Mohsen Rathi. In his work, in the second part, in the third topic, he has defined the cultural interaction and communication between languages, and has given cases of interaction between the Arabic and Persian languages. Although this book has a positive aspect, it also has a negative aspect. The weak point of this book, according to the author, is that he only paid attention to the influence of the Persian language on Arabic, but did not pay much attention to the influence of the Arabic language on Persian. This research has understood this gap well and has addressed it in a clear and detailed manner.
The ways of Persian influence in Jahili Arab culture and language (along with Persian words in Jahili poetry) is authored by Azartash Azarnoush, Mr. Azarnoush in this book is good like Rathi in the first part under the title of the influence of Persian language on Arabic to the historical aspects of the work between the two. It has sign language. Although Azarnoosh has discussed the ways of Persian influence in Jahili Arab culture and language, but it seems that he has discussed the impact of Arabic language on Farsi and the audience simply does not understand his basics and logic. The book Challenge between Farsi and Arabic is written by Azartash Azarnoush. Mr. Azarnoush says in the text of this work: Our knowledge about Iran, Iranians, Iranianness, Khorasan, and also about Dari Persian in the first centuries of Islam is still foggy and fragmented. We are aware of the general trend of history and the settling of Arabs in Iran, but we do not know exactly how the society of the Tazi-speaking Arab race established a relationship with the mass of Persian-speaking Iranians and Khorasanis.
How countless Arab groups in the society of Iran and Khorasan disappeared, why the Arabic language, with all its religious, literary, scientific and political abilities, could not take the place of the Persian language, where was Persian and why it remained in the dark for a long time before it emerged. When and where was it written and how did it become the -258-official language of Iran? How could this new language, which had a very old support, tolerate the powerful and holy Arabic language by its side? step in and limit Arabic in the field of religion and knowledge?. With a slight change, taken from the author's foreword in this book, the author seeks to raise fundamental questions about the Persian language as the most important treasure and source of Khorasani Iranian identity and to start a more worthy research or to answer these questions and encourage the continuation of such research. The only problem with this work is that it is one-sided and pays a lot of attention to the Dari Persian language.

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Considering the disadvantages and shortcomings of the past effects and summarizing this issue, the research as it should have been done, unfortunately, has not been done. Therefore, considering these cases, I conducted a research in this regard and examined the different aspects and dimensions of the impact of the Arabic language on Persian, according to the methods considered in this research, as an innovation in the field. It is considered the literary research of Afghanistan.

RESEARCH METHODS
The current research is a descriptive-comparative research based on library tools, the purpose of which is to objectively and regularly describe the research topic. The method of gathering information for the current research will be done through data collection and recording (by referring to library and internet sources such as books, articles, newspapers, banks and databases, etc.). In this research, the information is library-documents are collected. The data analysis method of the current research will be of a qualitative and descriptive analysis, which will first describe the issues related to the main discussion and then analyze the upcoming challenges.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The findings of the research show that the communication of languages with each other causes their splendor and fruitfulness. The influence of the language is done through various ways such as: military conquests, trade and exchange of goods, migrations, or the translation of religious and technical terms, the relationship between Arabic and Persian was interactive from the very beginning.
These two languages have borrowed many words from each other. In Persian, most jurisprudential, religious and legal terms are taken from Arabic. But the Arabic language, in its turn, has borrowed some words from Persian in an intact form and a lot of words in a confused form (in the form of Arabic forms).
Another thing that can be understood from this research is the impact of Islamic civilization in general and Arabic language in particular on the development of the talent of Persian-speaking scientists. Sometimes they finish their scientific writings at the request of political rulers. Undoubtedly, the emergence of elites and scientists in any culture and civilization is generally dependent on the factors of the emergence of genius, such as the factor of friendship culture, political security and economic prosperity.
Sometimes we talk about Islamic civilization and sometimes we talk about the characteristics of the Arabic language. In the Golden Age of Islam, Islamic sciences such as interpretation, jurisprudence and theology, astronomy and medicine, etc. appeared, and knowledge outside the borders of the Islamic world was translated into Arabic through translation; therefore, yes, it is correct to say that Islamic civilization became one of the important factors in the flourishing of the genius of Iranian scientists. Also, regarding the influence of the Arabic language on the Persian language, it should be noted that due to the 400 years of political rule of the Arabs and the rule of the Islamic religion in the Islamic era

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ISSN Online: 2723-2433ISSN Print: 2723-2441 Abdul Khaliq Musaddiq -259-on the lands of Mesopotamia and Iran and other countries, mutual borrowing of words is a completely natural phenomenon. Anyway, during that period, Arabic was the official and common language in the Islamic world, including Iran. This research also shows the impact of the Islamic caliphate and the leadership of the Arabic language on the field of science and technology and its development in other non-Arab environments. During the Abbasid caliphate, which is also called the Golden Age of Islam, the Islamic caliphate became a scientific pole. And it became a research. Science and technology in Greece, Rome and other countries that had civilization and technology entered the geographical domain of the Islamic government through translation into Arabic. We should not forget that after the Arabs got to know different civilizations and new technologies in the field of military, art, medicine and so on. The Arabic language came across words that did not exist before in the Arabic language; therefore, the scholars of the Arabic language started creating words. In this way, since the second century, the Arabic language was the leader in familiarizing with crossborder scientific terms and creating new words compared to the Persian language, and of course it is worth mentioning that Iranian scientists were willing to present their science and knowledge in the international language of the Islamic world in order to use the space of scientific interaction with other scientists; But the Persian language had not yet found such a capability in that period.
Another thing that can be found from this research is the positive effects of Arabic language on Persian, all languages have flaws. Even the Arabic language, which is called as a perfect language, has accepted changes over time for the advancement of knowledge. Therefore, this positive influence exists in all languages. In the discussion of etymology and rules of the Arabic language, some cases have been introduced into the Persian language; Cases where efforts were made to revive the Persian language. Revision of plural form in Persian language is an example of these efforts.
When the Persian language has suffixes and signs in the Persian language for pluralization, why should Persian words is pluralized according to the Arabic language? As an example, the word "spy" is a Persian word that was pluralized as "javasis" in Persian, and it seems that this word is Arabic. Among the other examples of the entry of Arabic language rules into Persian language is the subordination of adjectives and adverbs to each other, which is specific to the Arabic language.
For example, the word "executive power" or "foreign affairs" where the adjectives are feminine in the Arabic way; therefore, it is necessary to carry out a more detailed revision and cleaning in the Persian language at the level of linguistic rules and correct these items. Usually, such actions are also accompanied by public acceptance.
In this section, I would like to debate and discuss the issues related to the linguistic interaction between Arabic and Persian and also the effects of these two languages on each other. The things that can be discussed in my opinion are: The first debatable issue is the accent of Persian language; Arabic language and Persian language have been close to each other throughout history. On the other hand, it is often heard from the language of some people (for example, Pan-Turks) that the Persian language is one of the dialects of the Arabic language.
First of all, it should be checked where the origin of this saying is. The saying that Persian language is one of the dialects of Arabic language is due to an event that happened many years ago; That is, when UNESCO is requested to recognize the Persian language as the eighth language in the world, but they answer, the Persian language is the thirty-third dialect of the Arabic language, and as an independent language, its capabilities and characteristics It is not necessary for global registration. In this regard, first of all, what do they mean by accent? In the knowledge of linguistics, accent is based on rhythm and song and does not have any special rules and words in a language. Based on this definition, UNESCO's answer is scientifically baseless. But if the meaning of accent is the branches of the sub-category of the language, that is of course a wrong idea and linguists should answer this question whether the claim made has a scientific argument or not?

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A reasoned answer should be provided in the international environment for such disputes. I believe that the linguists of Persian literature are the right reference to answer this claim. Persian language is in the branch of Indian and Iranian languages of the Indo-European language family. The branch of Iranian languages itself is divided into several languages, one of which is Persian language. This is despite the fact that the Arabic language is considered one of the Semitic languages and belongs to the family of African and Asian languages. With a simple analogy, we can see that from the point of view of language families, there is no linguistic kinship between Persian and Arabic languages, let alone saying that Persian language is a sub-branch of Arabic language! Another debatable issue is that they always prefer the influence of Arabic over Persian, and the influence of Persian over Arabic is not considered. It must be said that languages usually borrow words from each other and lend to each other. give In the book "Al-Ma'ajm Al-Farsiyyah fi Al-Ma'ajm Al-Arabi" about three thousand Arabic words that have made their way from Persian to Arabic have been collected. In ancient times, based on the principle of sovereignty and governance, which was mentioned above, during the Iranian empire during the Achaemenid period, through Jewish religious literature, and during the Sassanid period, through Iranian domination over the Arab world, especially Hira, Bahrain, and Yemen. And Oman, and after the Islamic period, the Samanid period, due to the joint interaction of Iranians and Arabs in the political administration of Iran, many words were introduced from Persian to Arabic. In the Arabic language, there are many words that are called "Mu'arrabbat" which means "Arabized".
The words "Arabic" are words that have non-Arabic roots, but have been converted into Arabic; but because the words are completely confused in Arabicization, it is not easy to identify them. We know many words that are used in Persian language. Words whose origins and origins seem to be Arabic; But they are originally Persian. As an example, it is thought that the word Sabah, meaning morning, is an Arabic word; But when the etymology is done, it is clear that it is a Persian word and it is the knowledge of etymology that can prove the correctness of such matters to us.
I suggest that one of the efforts of the academy is to identify this group of words and research its Persianity and present the results of these studies to the public opinion. In any case, yes, in the field of scientific, military, and nature terms, many words have been transferred from Persian to Arabic. In general, this borrowing is mutual; but due to the way of transferring words from Persian to Arabic and because of the characteristics of the Arabic language, the trump card is in the hands of the Arabic language.
Another issue that is debatable in my opinion is that there is a misunderstanding or a negative view about the influence of languages on each other, while all the living languages of the world in scientific and specialized fields definitely have influences on each other, which of course is a blessed thing and useful; But care must be taken that such discussions take place within the framework of the structure and rules of the Persian language, and as far as possible, equivalence must be done. In any way, I believe that the Arabic language has had a positive effect on the Persian language in the fields of Islamic sciences and the transfer of the knowledge of that era to the Persian language.

CONCLUSION
Language is a living thing. Just as humans undergo racial and ethnic changes due to political, economic and sometimes co-cultural migrations, there is also a view regarding language that due to economic, political, scientific or cultural governments, witness the migration of these languages from different regions, especially we are countries and regions that are adjacent to each other. If we examine the history of languages, we will see that linguistic connection has happened in all languages.
From the results of this research, it appears that the Arabic language and the Persian language have had ties with each other throughout history. Arabic language is considered as one of the Semitic languages and belongs to the family of African and Asian languages. Although the two languages had an influence on each other, from the point of view of language families, there is no linguistic kinship between Persian and Arabic languages. After the presence of Islam in Iran and Khorasan, we slowly witnessed the spread of Arabic language and speech in our country. This procedure is often seen by famous Iranian and Khorasani scientists.
Regarding the influence of the Arabic language on the Persian language, it should be noted that due to the 400 years of political rule of the Arabs and the rule of the Islamic religion in the Islamic period on the lands of Mesopotamia and Iran, Khorasan and other countries, the mutual borrowing of words is a completely phenomenon. It was natural. Anyway, during that period, Arabic was the official and common language in the Islamic world, including Iran. Naturally, in that period, Iranian and Khorasani scientists wrote in Arabic language and sometimes completed their scientific writings at the request of political rulers.
In general, all the living languages of the world in scientific and specialized fields definitely have influences from each other, which of course is a happy and useful thing; But care must be taken that such discussions take place within the framework of the structure and rules of the Persian language, and as far as possible, equivalence must be done. Based on the summary of this research, it is stated that the Arabic language has had a positive effect on the Persian language and has added to its richness in the fields of Islamic sciences and the transfer of knowledge of that era to Persian language.