Development of a Self-defense Model for Women in the Sport of Karate Dojo

The purpose of this study was to develop self-defense methods for women in the Karate Dojo Inkanas Tebing Tinggi branch. This research is a type of research and development or Research and Development (R&D). The design used in this study is the development research of Borg and Gall. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 people for small group trials and 30 people for large group trials. In the first (small) group trial, research results were obtained with 10 test subjects from the dojo of SMA Brigjend Katamso Medan and the dojo of SMKN 6 Medan, then a score of 85 was obtained with a percentage of 85% in a small trial (valid). Based on the results of expert validation, it was obtained that from Power Ginting as a karate expert obtained a score of 8 with a percentage of 80% (valid/feasible). Then the assessment from Pangondian Purba as an expert in sports movement skills obtained a score of 8 with a percentage of 80% (valid/feasible). So on a small trial scale, the product of the self-defense method module for women in karate is valid. In the second (large) group trial, research results were obtained with 30 test subjects from the dojo of SMA Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi, then a score of 272 was obtained with a percentage of 90.66% in the large trial valid). Based on the results of expert validation, it was obtained that from Power Ginting as a karate expert obtained a score of 9 with a percentage of 90% (valid/feasible). Then the assessment from Pangondian Purba as an expert in sports movement skills obtained a score of 9 with a percentage of 90% (valid/feasible). So on a large trial scale the product module self-defense methods for women in karate sports is valid. In this expert revision, there are no more revisions made by experts, so the product of the self-defense method module for women in rubber sports is feasible.

number reached more than 6 percent of the total national sexual violence cases in 2019 which had reached 3,523 cases (Alija, 2019).
Juvenile delinquency is a collection of various socially unacceptable juvenile behaviors to the point of criminal acts. In the midst of student life, there is often unrest due to crimes, such as acts of violence, rape, murder, and other crimes. These crimes are committed by criminals of a very heterogeneous age level, because they consist of the elderly age group, adult groups and not to mention teenagers. For the adolescent age group, some of the drivers of the desire to do evil arise because of opportunity, and the influence of environmental conditions. Of all the above cases, the target is women. With this, to overcome the above problems, it is necessary to develop a self-defense method. Self-defense is a necessity for every human being in living their lives so that they are free from threats without fear of danger through simple but effective self-defense skills.
Based on the data that has been written above, the author concludes that development research is a research that produces a product that is much better effective, starting with needs analysis, product development and product trials. In this case, the research that will be developed is the development of self-defense methods for women in karate.
Relevant research similar to this research is the research of Syaleh and Ramadhan (2018) Practical martial arts is a sport that utilizes muscle, brain and conscience motion compounds realistically and rationally. Practical self-defense is obtained through the practice of whole limb movements to apply 5 (five) elements of moral power, namely: strength, speed, accuracy, courage, and tenacity. Martial arts are practically applied as selfprotection for young adult age group women (ages 15-20 years) from crime disorders. Selfdefense began to be applied to students in schools as a basis for the formation of physical endurance. Practical martial arts development is carried out through the stages of analysis, design, development and implementation, as well as evaluation. The result of development is the pattern of gestures when receiving an attack or a crime occurred. The movement pattern consists of 5 sets of self-defense movements based on the threat received. Practical self-defense is obtained through small group tests, large group tests, group discussion forums (FGDs) and expert tests using instruments in the form of questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The development of practical martial arts sports to prevent and anticipate physical threats to women is carried out by producing products in the form of practical self-defense movements for women in the young adult age group (aged 15-20 years).
The results of the development of this research are: 1) The development of practical martial arts for the prevention and anticipation of physical threats to women can improve the ability of young adult women's skills in sports, 2) Through the development of practical martial arts sports can provide martial arts stability for young adult women to prevent and anticipate if physical threats occur.

Research and information collecting
At the stage of research and information collecting in this study is the author looking for what the solution to the problem found. There are many cases of crime in the midst of society, namely, sexual harassment, brawls, bullying, domestic violence, murder, and so on. The victims are generally women, especially in women aged 6-18 years. With this, to overcome the above problems, it is necessary to develop a self-defense method. Selfdefense is a necessity for every human being in living their lives so that they are free from threats without fear of danger through simple but effective self-defense skills. Nowadays the martial arts of self defense that are often used are taekwondo. Based on the results of my survey on youtube channel. Only use leg kicks. There is no solution e.g. locking techniques, slams, punches. Based on the needs analysis above, it can be concluded that self-defense methods are indeed needed by women, considering that out of 10 respondents in the needs analysis they have seen criminal crimes in front of them.

Planning
At the planning stage in this study, what the author does is to plan all the things that will be done in the research. The author looks for references for the development of self-defense training products and the author designs or arranges self-defense training movements.
Looking for the concept of training from youtube as a reference for the development of self-defense methods for women in the Karate Dojo Inkanas Tebing Tinggi sport, here is the video link of the researcher's findings: the first video in the link: https://youtu.be/3jfZd_ot8Uk then the second video in the link: https://youtu.be/7Dt325C4XBk and the third video in the link: https://youtu.be/3fA0Oh9_Dqs. The video shows a girl being kidnapped and her friend helping to release and fight against the enemy. This video tutorial when we are pulled from the front by bad people and how to deal with it.

Self Defense Moves Every Woman Should Know
Source: Youtube Janice Hung Link:https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=k9Jn0eP-ZVg&t=443s This video provides simple wushu martial arts self defense training but no punch and slam techniques 6.

Self-Defense Moves Every Woman Should Know | Her Network
Source: Youtube woo taekwon Link:https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=teHemylr8qM This video shows how to escape bad guys by using leg kicks. Based on the video above, it is concluded, martial arts currently has no attack techniques in the form of punches, slams, locks, blocks. The advantage is only using kicks. The lack is less practical.

Develop Preliminary Form of Product
The end result of a series of initial research, can be a new working design or a new product. In the product design procedure carried out by the researcher is to conceptualize exercises based on the findings of previous researchers, then the researcher determines the movements to be developed are: 1. Instructional Model of Self defense embrace shoulder, 2. Instructional Model of Self defense hugged from behind, 3. Model of Self defense touch chin, 4. Instructional Model of Self defense firearms, 5. Instructional Model of Self defense pull clothes.

Preliminary Field Testing
At this stage, the author conducts product trials without any samples and then brought to experts. The expert will test the feasibility of the product. In research, the first product brought is a product that will be tested in small group trials. Based on the results of expert validation, it was obtained that from Power Ginting as a karate expert obtained a score of 8 with a percentage of 80% (valid / feasible). Then the assessment from Pangondian Purba as an expert in sports movement skills obtained a score of 8 with a percentage of 80% (valid / feasible). So on a small trial scale, the product of the selfdefense method module for women in karate is valid. However, some revision notes by experts are as follows: Fix some photos in the module.

Pangondian Purba Sports Motion Skills Expert
Create easy-to-understand images.

Field Testing
The authors conducted initial field trials on a limited scale. by involving as many as 10 subjects. In this step, data collection and analysis can be done by interview, observation or questionnaire. This step is a limited product test which includes: 1) Piloting the product on small group subjects of 10 women in the Karate Dojo Inkanas Tebing Tinggi sport. 2) After being tested, the women who were sampled were given a questionnaire of responses to the product to find out how important it was. The following are the results of design validation in this study: From the results of research with 10 test subjects from the dojo of SMA Brigjend Katamso Medan and the dojo of SMKN 6 Medan, a score of 85 was obtained with a percentage of 85% in a small trial (valid).

Operational Product Revision
The author makes improvements / improvements to the results of wider trials, so that the product developed is already an operational media design that is ready to be validated. The steps taken by researchers are: a) Researchers bring the results of research to experts to see experts about product testing. b) Researchers revise self-defense exercise book products at the Preliminary Field Testing stage Products that have been designed are then revised after known weaknesses. In the product design revision procedure, what researchers do is:

Main Field Testing
The main trial involved 30 students. (1) conduct initial field tests on product designs, (2) are limited, both the substance of the design and the parties involved, and (3) initial field tests are carried out repeatedly so that feasible designs are obtained, both substance and methodology.

Marco Van Johan Manalu, Indra Kasih, Albadi Sinulingga
-446-Conduct a limited trial. At the product trial stage carried out by researchers are: 1) Large group trials were conducted on 30 women in the Karate Dojo Inkanas Tebing Tinggi Sport. 2) After testing, questionnaires were distributed to samples to determine the effectiveness of the products developed.

Main Product Revision
The steps in this stage will further refine the product being developed which includes (1) readapting the vision of self-defense training products. (2) revise and maintain selfdefense exercises in the form of modules (guidebooks) involving prospective product users, and (3) field test results are obtained design media that are ready to be applied, both in terms of substance and methodology.
Products are revised based on limited trial results. In the product revision procedure carried out by researchers are: Based on the results of expert validation, it was obtained that from Power Ginting as a karate expert obtained a score of 9 with a percentage of 90% (valid/feasible). Then the assessment from Pangondian Purba as an expert in sports movement skills obtained a score of 9 with a percentage of 90% (valid/feasible). So on a large trial scale the product module self-defense methods for women in karate sports is valid. In this expert revision, there are no more revisions made by experts, so the product of the self-defense method module for women in rubber sports is feasible.
In the first (small) group trial, research results were obtained with 10 test subjects from the dojo of SMA Brigjend Katamso Medan and the dojo of SMKN 6 Medan, then a score of 85 was obtained with a percentage of 85% in a small trial (valid). Based on the results of expert validation, it was obtained that from Power Ginting as a karate expert obtained a score of 8 with a percentage of 80% (valid / feasible). Then the assessment from Pangondian Purba as an expert in sports movement skills obtained a score of 8 with a percentage of 80% (valid/feasible). So on a small trial scale, the product of the self-defense method module for women in karate is valid.
In the second (large) group trial, research results were obtained with 30 test subjects from the dojo of SMA Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi, then a score of 272 was obtained with a percentage of 90.66% in the large trial valid). Based on the results of expert validation, it was obtained that from Power Ginting as a karate expert obtained a score of 9 with a percentage of 90% (valid/feasible). Then the assessment from Pangondian Purba as an expert in sports movement skills obtained a score of 9 with a percentage of 90% (valid/ feasible). So on a large trial scale the product module self-defense methods for women in karate sports is valid.
Self-defense mechanisms as strategies used by individuals to prevent the overt emergence of impulses and to deal with superego pressure over the ego in order to reduce or relieve anxiety. The self-defense mechanism in Freud's school of psychoanalysis is a psychological strategy carried out by a person, group of people, or even a nation to deal with reality and maintain self-image (Salamor,22:4).