https://www.randwickresearch.com/index.php/rissj <table border="0" width="700" bgcolor="#f2e9e9"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" width="150"><img src="/public/site/images/rirairoot/RISSJ2_hardcover_thumb_25_rirai.jpg"></td> <td valign="top" width="500"><a href="http://www.randwickresearch.com/index.php/rissj" rel="bookmark">Randwick International of Social Science (RISS) Journal </a> <p align="justify">is a journal published in January, April, July and October The RISS Journal publishes research and analysis papers in the fields of social science include humanities such as anthropolgy, business studies, communication studies, corporate governance, law, criminology, history, culture, crosscultural studies, ethics, education, economy, geography, philosophy, psycology, sociology, social welfare political, population studies, performing arts, visual arts, human right studies, gender and sexuality, religious studies. The RISS Journal is published in both online and print version.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> RIRAI Publisher en-US Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2722-5666 https://www.randwickresearch.com/index.php/rissj/article/view/1285 <p><em>This study examines the argument structure of Batak Toba, focusing on Aek Kanopan dialect, as part of a broader investigation into Austronesian grammatical typology. The main objective is to describe how arguments are structured, realized, and aligned within clauses, and to identify the typological characteristics underlying these patterns. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the data were collected through elicitation, participant observation, and interviews with native speakers. The analysis reveals that Batak Toba Aek Kanopan Dialect (BBTAK) exhibits a predominantly accusative alignment, where the single argument of intransitive clauses (S) is treated similarly to the agent of transitive clauses (A), while the patient (P) is marked differently. The study also shows that core arguments in BBTAK are not restricted to nominal phrases, but may also be realized as clauses or propositions, reflecting structural flexibility. These findings contribute to the typological description of Batak Toba and provide empirical evidence for understanding argument structure in Austronesian languages.</em></p> Asridayani Asridayani I Ketut Artawa Made Sri Satyawati Ketut Widya Purnawati Copyright (c) 2026 Randwick International of Social Science Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 2026-04-12 2026-04-12 7 2 70 81 10.47175/rissj.v7i2.1285