Dynamics of Middle School Teacher Performance: Analysis of the Influence of Transformational Leadership, School Culture and Motivation in Gido District, Nias Regency
Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine the influence of transformational leadership, school culture, and motivation on teacher performance. The problem with this research is that teacher performance results are still low in planning, implementing, and evaluating learning. This research was carried out in public and private junior high schools in Gido District, Nias Regency. The population of this research was 142 people, and the research sample was 106 people. The research method is ex post facto, with path analysis techniques. The research results found were: (1) transformational leadership has a direct positive effect on teacher performance; (2) transformational leadership has no direct positive effect on teacher motivation; (3) school culture has a direct positive effect on teacher performance; (4) school culture has a direct positive effect on teacher motivation; (5) motivation has a direct positive effect on teacher performance; (6) the principal's leadership has a direct positive effect on performance through motivation; and (7) school culture has a direct positive effect on performance through motivation. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that transformational leadership and school culture have a significant effect on increasing teacher motivation, and transformational leadership and school culture have a significant effect on increasing teacher performance in planning, implementing, and evaluating learning.
Downloads
References
Ahad, R., Mustafa, M. Z., Mohamad, S., Abdullah, N. H. S., & Nordin, M. N. (2021). Work attitude, organizational commitment and emotional intelligence of Malaysian vocational college teachers. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2021.13.01.002
Akbar, A. (2021). Pentingnya Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru. JPG: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru, 2(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.32832/jpg.v2i1.4099
Annisa Alfath, Fara Nur Azizah, & Dede Indra Setiabudi. (2022). Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Menyongsong Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora, Dan Pendidikan, 1(2), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.56444/soshumdik.v1i2.73
Arif, S., Zainudin, Z., & Hamid, A. (2019). Influence of Leadership, Organizational Culture, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction of Performance Principles of Senior High School in Medan City. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(4), 239–254. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i4.619
Astuti, R. W., Fitria, H., & Rohana, R. (2020). The Influence of Leadership Styles and Work Motivation on Teacher’s Performance. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 1(2), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v1i2.33
Badubi, M. R. (2017). Theories of Motivation and Their Application in Organizations: A Risk Analysis. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 3(3), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.33.2004
Baptiste, M. (2019). No Teacher Left Behind: The Impact of Principal Leadership Styles On Teacher Job Satisfaction and Student Success. Journal of International Education & Leadership, 9(1), 1–11. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1212519.pdf
Bardach, L., & Klassen, R. M. (2021). Teacher motivation and student outcomes: Searching for the signal. Educational Psychologist, 56(4), 283–297. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203764596
Barni, D., Danioni, F., & Benevene, P. (2019). Teachers’ self-efficacy: The role of personal values and motivations for teaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JULY), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01645
Bektaş, F., Kılınç, A. Ç., & Gümüş, S. (2020). The effects of distributed leadership on teacher professional learning: mediating roles of teacher trust in principal and teacher motivation. Educational Studies, 00(00), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1793301
Bellibaş, M. Ş., Kılınç, A. Ç., & Polatcan, M. (2021). The Moderation Role of Transformational Leadership in the Effect of Instructional Leadership on Teacher Professional Learning and Instructional Practice: An Integrated Leadership Perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 57(5), 776–814. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X211035079
Bernard M. Bass. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. Glencoe III. The Free Pres.
Budiyanto. (2022). Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru SMP Negeri 5 Airgegas Dalam Menyusun Rpp Masa New Normal (Covid 19) Melalui Program Supervisi Akademik yang Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 6(1). http://aksara.unbari.ac.id/index.php/aksara/article/view/307
Chaniago, A. (2017). Pemimpin & Kepemimpinan. Lentera Ilmu Cendikia.
Cansoy, R. (2018). The Relationship between School Principals’ Leadership Behaviours and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review. International Education Studies, 12(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n1p37
Champoux, J. E. (2017). Organizational Behavior: Integrating Individuals, Groups, and Organizations - Joseph E. Champoux - Google Buku. In Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group).
Cholis Sa’dijah, A. R. A. (2021). Kesiapan Guru Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Berbasis HOTS Ditinjau dari Pengetahuan dan Kemampuan Mengemas Perangkat Pembelajaran. PADARINGAN (Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Antropologi), 3(2), 402. https://doi.org/10.20527/padaringan.v3i2.3422
Colquitt, Jason A, Jeffry A. Le Pine, & M. J. W. (2009). Organizational Behavior. Harpen and Row.
Damanik, R. (2019). Hubungan Kompetensi Guru Dengan Kinerja Guru. Jurnal Serunai Administrasi Pendidikan, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.37755/jsap.v8i2.170
Daumiller, M., Janke, S., Hein, J., Rinas, R., Dickhäuser, O., & Dresel, M. (2021). Do teachers’ achievement goals and self-efficacy beliefs matter for students’ learning experiences? Evidence from two studies on perceived teaching quality and emotional experiences. Learning and Instruction, 76(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101458
Dewi, R. (2012). Kinerja Kepala Sekolah: Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Konflik Dan Efikasi Diri. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 8.
Firman, F., Fitria, H., & Rohana, R. (2021). The Influence of School Leadership Style and Teacher’s Motivation toward Teacher’s Performance. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v2i1.134
Febrina, L., Agusra, D., Lussianda, E. O., & Susanti, A. R. (2021). The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Employee performance. Husnayain Business Review, 1(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.54099/hbr.v1i1.13
Fuller, A. L. (2021). Overcoming Cultural Mismatch: Reaching and Teaching Diverse Children. Rowman & Littlefield.
Gunio, M. J. (2021). Determining the Influences of a Hidden Curriculum on Students’ Character Development Using the Illuminative Evaluation Model. Journal of Curriculum Studies Research, 3(2), 194–206. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.2021.11
Hajar, I. (2015). The Effect of Business Strategy on Innovation and Firm Performance in the Small Industrial Sector. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES), 4(2), 1–9. https://theijes.com/papers/v4-i2/A4200109.pdf
Harefa, A. O. (2020). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Smp Negeri 1 Gido Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015. J-PiMat : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 2(1), 126–130. https://doi.org/10.31932/j- pimat.v2i1.687
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2010). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. PT Bumi Aksara.
Hayata, H., Sugiarto, S., & Rochanah, S. (2021). The Influence of Authentic Leadership and Work Environment on Teachers Performance. AL- ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(1), 689–697. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i1.564
Kalkan, Ü., Altınay Aksal, F., Altınay Gazi, Z., Atasoy, R., & Dağlı, G. (2020).The Relationship Between School Administrators’ Leadership Styles, School Culture, and Organizational Image. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020902081
Kaso, N., Mariani, M., Ilham, D., Firman, F., Aswar, N., & Iksan, M. (2021). The Principal’s Leadership: How to Improve the Quality of Teaching and Learning Process in State Junior High School of Luwu. Jurnal Ad’ministrare, 8(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.26858/ja.v8i1.19126
Krainer, K., Even, R., Park Rogers, M., & Berry, A. (2021). Research on Learners and Teachers of Mathematics and Science: Forerunners to a Focus on Teacher Educator Professional Growth. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 19, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-021-10189-8
Kristiawan, M., Suhono, S., Yussof, M. H. B., & Muslimah, M. (2021). The International School’s Culture in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(1), 180–191. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v6i1.1263
Lee, Y.-D., & Kuo, C.-T. (2019). Principals’ Transformational Leadership and Teachers’ Work Motivation: Evidence From Elementary Schools in Taiwan. The International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 11(3), 90–113. https://www.ijoi-online.org/attachments/article/114/0898%20Final.pdf
Luh, N., Manik Pratiwi, A., Agung, G., Negara, O., & Putra, M. (2021). Kontribusi Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Budaya Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru di SD. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 5(1), 84–90. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJL/article/download/32884/18333/0
Mattar, M. Y. (2021). Combating Academic Corruption and Enhancing Academic Integrity through International Accreditation Standards: The Model of Qatar University. Journal of Academic Ethics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-021-09392-7
Navaridas-Nalda, F., Clavel-San Emeterio, M., Fernández-Ortiz, R., & Arias- Oliva, M. (2020). The strategic influence of school principal leadership in the digital transformation of schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 112(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106481
Newstrom, J. W. (2011). Organizational behavior : Human behavior : At work (12th ed.). McGraw-Hall Companies, Inc.
Newstrom, John W., Davis, K. (2007). Perilaku Dalam Organisasi. Edisi Ke tujuh. Alih bahasa, Agus Dharma. Erlangga.
Nieves, S. (2021). A Color-Mute Community: An Exploration and Investigation into the Treatment of Three Students of Color in a White School Setting (Doctoral dissertation, New York University). https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/70795g31z
Normianti, H., Aslamiah, & Suhaimi. (2019). Relationship of Transformational Leaders of Principal, Teacher Motivation, Teacher Organization Commitments With Performance of Primary School Teachers in Labuan Amas Selatan, Indonesia. European Journal of Education Studies, 2, 123–141. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2583734
Octoviani, E. (2022). The Effect of School Environment and Extrinsic Motivation on Teacher Performance. In International Conference of Education, Sosial, and Humanities (1ST INCESH). Web of Science, 3(20), 8–17. https://ejournal.karinosseff.org/index.php/jswse/article/view/261
Paian Tamba, Y. M. (2022). [PDF] dari unimal.ac.id The Management of Subject Teacher Forum (MGMP) at The Junior High School Level in Seri Amal Foundation. Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies (MICoMS), 3, 2020–2023. https://proceedings.unimal.ac.id/micoms/article/view/215
Prasetia, I., Melfayetty, S., & Dewi, R. (2020). The effect of transformational leadership and academic Optimism culture on teacher empowerment and motivation Along its impact on the effectiveness of medan state junior High school. International Journal on Language, Research and Education Studies, 4(2), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.30575/2017
Puri, D. R., Pane, Y. K., Siregar, Y. S., & ... (2022). Efektivitas Budaya Organisasi dalam Mewujudkan Visi dan Misi SMA Swasta UISU Siantar. BEST Journal (Biology …, 5(2), 1–6. https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/best/article/view/5412
Rachmawati, Y., & Suyatno, S. (2021). The effect of principals’ competencies on teachers’ job satisfaction and work commitment. Participatory Educational Research, 8(1), 362–378. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.21.8.1
Rapanta, C. (2021). Can teachers implement a student-centered dialogical argumentation method across the curriculum? Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103404
Republik Indonesia. (2005). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen.
Rivai Veithzal, Detri Karya, E. (2011). Corporate Performance Management dari Teori Ke Praktek. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Rivai Veithzal, Detri Karya, Elfindri, D. (2011). Corporate Performance Management, dari Teori dan Praktik, Solusi Tepat dan Mudah Memajukan Perusahaan dengan Menilai Kinerja Perusahaan. Ghalia Indonesia.
Rivai, V., & Sagala, E. J. (2010). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Cetakan ke tiga. Jakarta. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Riyanto, S., Endri, E., & Herlisha, N. (2021). Effect of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance: Mediating role of employee engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.14
Robbins, S. (2010). Organizational Behavior. In International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2010 (Vol. 25). https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470661628.
Rofifah, S., Sirojuddin, A., Ma`arif, M. A., & Mitra Zuana, M. M. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance at the International Standard School, Amanatul Ummah Mojokerto. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.31538.
Romlah, O. Y., & Latief, S. (2021). Empowering the Quality of School Resources in Improving the Quality of Education. Bulletin of Science Education, 1(1), 37–41. https://attractivejournal.com/index.php/bse/article/view/109
Sabbidine, R. T. (2021). American University of Beirut Increasing Principals ’ Autonomy in Administrative Decisions in Lebanese Public. September.
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
Sirait, D. (2021). The Influence of Principal Transformational Leadership, Work Culture and Work Environment on Teacher Performance in State Senior High Schools throughout …. J Adv Educ Philos, 5(12), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2021.v05i12.004
Suhardi, M. (2021). Pengaruh Optimisme dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Swasta di Kecamatan Praya Lombok Tengah. ACADEMIA: Jurnal Inovasi Riset Akademik, 1(1), 117– 124. https://jurnalp4i.com/index.php/academia/article/view/530
Supartha, W. G., & Sintaasih, D. K. (2017). Pengantar Perilaku Organisasi. CV. Setia Bakti: Jakarta.
Supartha, W. gede, & Sintaasih, D. K. (2017). Pengantar perilaku Organisasi; Teori, kasus dan Aplikasi penelitian. In Universitaa Udayana.
Susilawati, Y. (2021). Relationship of Transformational Leadership, Interpersonal Communication with Teacher Performance through Teacher Discipline. J Adv Educ Philos, 5(11), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2021.v05i11.004
Suwandi, Indrawati, F. Y., & Yusup. (2020). Pengaruh Kompetensi Pedagogik , Kompetensi Kepribadian , Kompetensi Profesional , Kompetensi Sosial Guru Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Di SMPN 1 Karangampel Indramayu. Jurnal Manajemen, 15(1), 54–68. https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/pendas/article/view/8062
Syamsir, T. (2013). Organisasi dan Manajemen: Perilaku, Struktur, Budaya dan Perubahan Organisasi. Alfabeta.
Tamsah, H., Ilyas, J. B., & Yusriadi, Y. (2021). Create teaching creativity through training management, effectiveness training, and teacher quality in the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 8(4), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/800
Tasnim, L. (2021). Leadership Role of Head Teachers in Government Primary Schools Of Bangladesh To Achieve.
Telaumbanua, S. M. (2022). Analisis Potensi Sektor Pariwisata di Kota Gunungsitoli, Pulau Nias Provinsi Sumatera Utara (Doctoral dissertation, UNIMED). Journal Information, 10, 1–16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327399277_Analisis _Strategi_Pengembangan_Kawasan_Pariwisata_di_Kabupaten_Nias
Triwahyuningsih, T. (2021). The Right to Freedom of Express Opinions in Public Based on Pancasila. Journal of Transcendental Law, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v3i1.15682
Uno, B. H. (2011). Teori Motivasi dan Pengukuran Analisis di Bidang Pendidikan. Bumi Aksara.
Wijaya, C. (2017). Perilaku Organisasi (N. S. Chaniago (ed.)). Lembaga Peduli Pengembangan Pendidikan Indonesia (LPPPI).
Yalçınkaya, S., Dağlı, G., Aksal, F. A., Gazi, Z. A., & Kalkan, Ü. (2021). The effect of leadership styles and initiative behaviors of school principals on teacher motivation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(5), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052711
Yukl, G. (2010). Kepemimpinan dalam organisasi (Budi & Supriyanto (eds.). PT. Indeks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
